double-spending

Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper

Satoshi explains transaction finality, the target of 10-minute block intervals, and how Bitcoin transactions become sufficiently irreversible in 1-2 hours.

[p2p-research] Bitcoin open source implementation of P2P currency

Satoshi introduces Bitcoin to the P2P Research mailing list, explaining the problems with trust-based conventional currency and how Bitcoin uses cryptographic proof and a peer-to-peer network to solve double-spending.

Bitcoin snack machine (fast transaction problem)

Satoshi describes how a payment processor could enable fast Bitcoin transactions with good-enough checking in 10 seconds, explaining the propagation race that makes double-spending impractical.